Monarch Tractor's MK-V self-driving electric tractor [Photo: Business Wire]
Based in the San Francisco Bay area, Monarch Tractor had been called "the Tesla of agriculture" for developing what it called "the world's first fully electric, driver-optional, autonomous smart tractor." Valued at $500 million in 2024, it has had a bumpy ride since then—leading Caterpillar to acquire its core technology, according to Bloomberg.